Tendencias en investigación y desarrollo tecnológico en la cadena productiva de aguacate (Persea americana L.)
Trends in research and technological development in the avocado (Persea americana L.) production chain
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Resumen
El aguacate es un cultivo en crecimiento en el mundo debido al aumento del consumo de este fruto. Por lo anterior, la investigación en esta cadena productiva ha incrementado, en temáticas técnicas, buscando aumento del rendimiento, disminuyendo pérdidas por plagas y enfermedades y generando procesos que permitan mantener la calidad del fruto en el tiempo. No obstante, la investigación y desarrollo, así como los estudios de tendencias actuales en otras áreas de la cadena, se desconocen. El objetivo de este artículo fue conocer las tendencias en investigación y desarrollo tecnológico en la cadena productiva del aguacate. Para esto se realizó un ejercicio de escaneo tecnológico, utilizando técnicas bibliométricas y patentométricas con información de las bases de datos Scopus y Lens.org, la información recopilada fue depurada y analizada. Se encontró que los países con la mayor cantidad de publicaciones científicas fueron Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Países Bajos, con debilidades en el trabajo colaborativo entre países. Los autores más productivos son personas vinculadas con la academia, la revista Acta Horticulturae presentó un alto número de publicaciones. Las temáticas de cosmética y farmacéutica fueron relevantes en cuanto a patentes y se consideran relevantes para esta cadena productiva, debido a las dinámicas de mercado. En investigación los temas fueron más diversos, desde temas de establecimiento hasta poscosecha. No se encontró producción científica en temas organizacionales o de gestión. Esta investigación muestra oportunidades de innovación tecnológica en el sector aguacatero. Se evidencian redes entre ciencia, academia y gremios, orientado al fortalecimiento del sector y aumento del rendimiento a través de la diversificación de segmentos de mercado. Se considera importante dar mayor atención a aspectos organizacionales y de gestión.
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