Biocarbón: Estado del arte, avances y perspectivas en el manejo del suelo
Biochar: State-of-the-art advances and perspectives for soil management
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Resumen
El biocarbón generado a partir de la pirolisis de materiales orgánicos no solo reduce las emisiones de GEI, sino que impacta muchas otras propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo.
El objetivo del presente artículo fue el de presentar una revisión sistemática de bases de datos en línea acerca del avance y tendencias de conocimiento existente sobre Biocarbón, tema significativo que contribuye a la actualización, síntesis y difusión de conocimientos y permite clasificar el flujo creciente de información e identificar aspectos acreditados de 2011 a 2022.
Durante el periodo, se recopilaron 253 artículos científicos y se seleccionaron 119; se trabajó redes de co-ocurrencia con información representada gráficamente para visualizar número total de conexiones entre entidades, agrupamiento (subdominios) y localizar sinónimos, entre otros. Uno de los criterios de selección fue tipo de publicación y la sinopsis del estudio del efecto del biocarbón en suelo, importancia ambiental y uso en el sector agrícola, así como los enfoques metodológicos del proceso de investigación y viabilidad de implementación.
Los resultados evidenciaron notable incremento de investigación en el tema en los últimos años, con reportes de efectividad, como acondicionador, remediador de suelos, mitigación de GEI y una tendencia para descontaminación de aguas y suelos con un positivo avance de nuevas investigaciones. No obstante, es necesario supervisar los efectos de su aplicación a mediano y largo plazo para originar procesos de producción más limpia en el sector agrícola
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