Revisión sistemática de la integración y la relación entre el pensamiento computacional y las matemáticas en los primeros años escolares
Systematic review of the integration and relationship between computational thinking and mathematics in the early years of schooling
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El pensamiento computacional surge como un área de conocimiento debido a que la tecnología y la informática se han vuelto cada vez más importantes en la sociedad actual. Se ha demostrado que el pensamiento computacional puede mejorar a la resolución de problemas, utiliza técnicas de la ciencia de la computación para desarrollar soluciones a problemas complejos, y a menudo implica la aplicación de principios matemáticos, como el álgebra, la geometría y la estadística. Por otro lado, las matemáticas son fundamentales para el pensamiento computacional, ya que proporcionan la base teórica y conceptual para muchas técnicas de las ciencias de la computación. Los conceptos matemáticos, como las funciones, los conjuntos y la teoría de grafos, son esenciales para la comprensión de muchos algoritmos y estructuras de datos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la manera en que se han integrado las matemáticas y el pensamiento computacional, y cómo se ha medido esa relación al utilizar actividades conectadas y desconectadas en estudiantes de los primeros años de escolaridad. Se revisaron 302 artículos a los cuales se les aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión asociados a las variables de interés del estudio. Al finalizar la revisión se encuentra que en la mayoría de los artículos se integran las matemáticas y el pensamiento computacional tomando como base la relación que guardan entre sí, y se utilizan estrategias en el aula que favorecen ambos campos del conocimiento; en once de los artículos se proponen actividades desde cuatro componentes matemáticos (geométrico, métrico, espacial y numérico) para abordar el pensamiento computacional, siendo el componente geométrico el más utilizado; solo siete artículos incluyen en su población de estudio el grado 0º y sólo dos artículos trabajan con población de países de Centro (Panamá) y Sur América (Uruguay); lo que podría indicar que el pensamiento computacional está en una etapa naciente en nuestro continente, excluyendo a los países de Norte América donde se reportan un mayor número de artículos.
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